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PubMed: 25307023

Title
New perspectives on the thrombotic complications of haemolysis.
Journal
British journal of haematology
Volume
168
Issue
None
Pages
175-85
Date
2015-01-01
Authors
Hod E | L'Acqua C

Evidence a45be13f1b
JSON

As such, it nitrosylates the haem-moiety of guanylate cyclase, thereby stimulating formation of cyclic guanine monophosphate (cGMP), which then initiates calcium-dependent vasodilation (Olson et al, 2004).

a(CHEBI:"3',5'-cyclic GMP") increases bp(GO:vasodilation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") increases a(CHEBI:"3',5'-cyclic GMP") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

bp(GO:"nitric oxide-cGMP-mediated signaling pathway") increases bp(GO:vasodilation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 475161a7a1
JSON

NO inhibits platelet aggregation mediated by guanylate cyclase activation with a subsequent rise in cGMP (Faint et al, 1991).

a(CHEBI:"3',5'-cyclic GMP") decreases bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 612a20f7fd
JSON

Platelet deposition and adhesion at sites of subintimal injury are increased by free haemoglobin or inhibition of NO production; this effect can be prevented by infusions of L-arginine, the precursor of NO (Olsen et al, 1996).

a(CHEBI:"L-arginine") decreases bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") decreases bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) increases bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence c3cb680787
JSON

Carbon monoxide has vasodilatory, anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, whereas bilirubin, the product of biliverdin reductase, is an antioxidant (Baranano et al, 2002).

a(CHEBI:"carbon monoxide") increases bp(MESH:Vasodilation) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"carbon monoxide") decreases bp(GO:"cell proliferation") View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"carbon monoxide") decreases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"carbon monoxide") positiveCorrelation act(a(CHEBI:antioxidant)) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

act(a(CHEBI:antioxidant)) positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:"carbon monoxide") View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

act(a(CHEBI:antioxidant)) positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:bilirubin) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
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a(CHEBI:bilirubin) positiveCorrelation act(a(CHEBI:antioxidant)) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
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Evidence 9470c7aaa8
JSON

Furthermore, cytokine secretion depends on the coordinated iron in the porphyrin ring (Figueiredo et al, 2007), and nuclear factor-jB (NF-jB), MAPKs activation and ROS are essential for the increase in cytokine production induced by haem (Fernandez et al, 2010).

a(CHEBI:"iron coordination entity") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:Cytokines) positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:"iron coordination entity") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:Cytokines) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:MAPK1) increases a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:NFKB1) increases a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence a994883e38
JSON

Thus, by participating in Fenton chemistry, non-transferrin-bound iron (i.e., iron not bound to the physiological iron transport protein, transferrin) causes oxidative damage, cytotoxicity and enhanced endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, thereby enhancing thrombotic risk (Hershko, 2007).

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:"Oxidative Stress") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") increases a(MESH:"Cell Adhesion Molecules") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic") positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:"Oxidative Stress") positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 013f454952
JSON

Thus, the antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-proliferative and vasodilating effects of the HMOX1 and biliverdin reductase systems probably compensate for the nitric oxide (NO) scavenging, vasoconstrictive, proliferative, inflammatory and pro-oxidant effects of circulating free haemoglobin, haem and haem-iron, which are discussed below (Rother et al, 2005).

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") decreases act(a(CHEBI:antioxidant)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") increases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") decreases bp(MESH:Vasodilation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") increases bp(GO:"cell proliferation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

act(a(CHEBI:antioxidant)) negativeCorrelation a(CHEBI:heme) View Subject | View Object

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Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) increases bp(GO:"cell proliferation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) increases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) decreases bp(MESH:Vasodilation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) negativeCorrelation act(a(CHEBI:antioxidant)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:HBB) decreases bp(MESH:Vasodilation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:HBB) increases bp(GO:"cell proliferation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:HBB) increases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:HBB) decreases act(a(CHEBI:antioxidant)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

Evidence 6691332e39
JSON

ROS generation by haem is at least partially dependent on the Fenton reaction, in which iron catalyses the production of toxic ROS (Wagener et al, 2003).

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") increases a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 0f5cfa0c3c
JSON

Finally, ferrous iron, through Fenton-derived hydroxyl radical species production and protein kinase C function, activates platelets (Iuliano et al, 1994).

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") increases bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 6dbd2c6352
JSON

The main mediator of these adverse effects is thought to be free haem via its effects on NO scavenging, pro-inflammatory cytokine responses, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") negativeCorrelation a(CHEBI:heme) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) negativeCorrelation a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:heme) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence d2742a4024
JSON

NO is also known as endothelial- derived relaxing factor, because of its role in signalling to relax the smooth muscle lining the vasculature (Rother et al, 2005).

a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") increases bp(GO:"relaxation of smooth muscle") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 7f8394f4b7
JSON

Furthermore, NO has a fundamental role in normal vascular physiology by inhibiting both platelet aggregation and endothelial adhesion molecule expression, as detailed below

a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") decreases path(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") decreases a(MESH:"Cell Adhesion Molecules") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence dce3c12cf8
JSON

Finally, NO may also affect coagulation by inhibiting Factor XIII activity (Catani et al, 1998).

a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") decreases act(complex(p(HGNC:F13A1), p(HGNC:F13B))) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence e29e610a83
JSON

Factor XIII stabilizes clots by catalysing fibrin monomer cross-linking; thus, NO deficiency enhances clot stability and reduces clot dissolution.

a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") increases path(MESH:"Clot Retraction") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

complex(p(HGNC:F13A1), p(HGNC:F13B)) increases bp(HM:"fibrin monomer cross-linking") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

complex(p(HGNC:F13A1), p(HGNC:F13B)) decreases path(MESH:"Clot Retraction") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 830f1823ef
JSON

Therefore, decreased NO bioavailability affects vascular tone, platelet and endothelial function and coagulation, thus increasing thrombotic risk.

a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") decreases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 0282795a37
JSON

Platelets may be activated during haemolysis by several different mechanisms involving decreased NO levels, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and mediators, and ROS.

a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") decreases bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") increases bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:Cytokines) increases bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 60820cc613
JSON

The abnormal phospholipid membrane asymmetry present in the RBCs of b-thalassaemia and SCD patients, with resultant phosphatidylserine exposure, appears to play a significant role in the aetiology of the observed hypercoagulable state and in the link between haemolysis and thrombosis (Ataga et al, 2007).

a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") positiveCorrelation path(HP:Hypercoagulability) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

path(HP:Hypercoagulability) positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

Evidence 62ccb21335
JSON

Furthermore, phosphatidylserine is actively maintained on the inner leaflet of the bilayer membrane and, when externalized, is a recognition signal for cell clearance or for activation of coagulation (Zwaal & Schroit, 1997).

a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Blood Coagulation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Blood Coagulation") positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence fc6ef7813d
JSON

These RBC microparticles can initiate and propogate thrombin generation (Rubin et al, 2013).

a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:Thrombin) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:Thrombin) positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence ebc079a1f4
JSON

Haemoglobin and haem levels increase in plasma and urine when haptoglobin and haemopexin scavenging mechanisms are saturated during acute or chronic haemolysis.

a(CHEBI:heme) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:HBB) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:heme) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:HBB) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

Evidence bd41a9e309
JSON

Free plasma haemoglobin and haem also scavenge NO and have multiple pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant properties that mediate many of the adverse effects of haemolysis.

a(CHEBI:heme) increases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) decreases act(a(CHEBI:antioxidant)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) decreases a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:HBB) increases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:HBB) decreases act(a(CHEBI:antioxidant)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:HBB) decreases a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

Evidence 93a3c6ef13
JSON

In addition, haem activates endothelial cell expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM1), and E-selectin (Wagener et al, 1997).

a(CHEBI:heme) increases p(HGNC:SELE) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) increases p(HGNC:VCAM1) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) increases p(HGNC:ICAM1) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 5662f98d8a
JSON

Furthermore, haem-induced release of P-selectin and VWF is mediated by TLR4 and NFkB signalling.

a(CHEBI:heme) increases p(HGNC:SELP) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:CD40LG) increases a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:CD40LG) increases a(MESH:"Cell Adhesion Molecules") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:CD40LG) increases path(MESH:"Blood Coagulation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 2bf274141c
JSON

For example, haem stimulates expression of P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor (VWF) ‘strings’ on endothelial cells in vitro and on the vessel walls of both normal and SCD mice (Belcher et al, 2014).

a(CHEBI:heme) increases p(HGNC:SELP) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:heme) increases p(HGNC:VWF) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 45559d8573
JSON

Haem also induces tumour necrosis factor (TNF) secretion in monocyte/macrophages through TLR4 and the adaptor molecule, MYD88 (Figueiredo et al, 2007).

a(CHEBI:heme) increases p(HGNC:TNF) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:TLR4) increases p(HGNC:TNF) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:MYD88) increases p(HGNC:TNF) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 8a9ac8a1ad
JSON

For example, infusion of haem into humans is associated with disturbances in coagulation assays and overt thrombophlebitis (Simionatto et al, 1988).

a(CHEBI:heme) association path(MESH:"Blood Coagulation Disorders") View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

a(CHEBI:heme) association path(HP:Thrombophlebitis) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(HP:Thrombophlebitis) association a(CHEBI:heme) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Blood Coagulation Disorders") association a(CHEBI:heme) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

Evidence 9da8146554
JSON

The large amounts of haem released upon haemolysis can overwhelm the capacity of haem scavengers and enzyme systems (i.e., HMOX1), thus causing oxidative stress (Jeney et al, 2002).

a(CHEBI:heme) increases bp(MESH:"Oxidative Stress") View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 30a904f83b
JSON

Furthermore, incubating endothelial cells with haem induces tissue factor, which can initiate coagulation (Setty et al, 2008).

a(CHEBI:heme) increases p(HGNC:F3) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:F3) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Blood Coagulation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Blood Coagulation") positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:F3) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence e4025eca79
JSON

Transfusion of RBCs after prolonged refrigerator storage is associated with haemolysis (Donadee et al, 2011; Hod et al, 2011) and enhances cytokine secretion in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration (Hod et al, 2010).

a(CHEBI:lipopolysaccharide) increases a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

Evidence d80d77ab00
JSON

Immunological incompatibility of transfused RBCs can lead to acute haemolytic transfusion reactions.

a(HM:"ABO-incompatible erythrocytes") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Transfusion Reaction") View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Transfusion Reaction") positiveCorrelation a(HM:"ABO-incompatible erythrocytes") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

Evidence e040bde506
JSON

Surprisingly, 66% (187/282) of ABO incompatible transfusions are asymptomatic; however, 67% (19/282) result in death and 27% (76/282) in major morbidities (Bolton-Maggs et al, 2014), including DIC (Goldfinger, 1977).

a(HM:"ABO-incompatible erythrocytes") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Death) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

a(HM:"ABO-incompatible erythrocytes") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation") View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation") positiveCorrelation a(HM:"ABO-incompatible erythrocytes") View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Death) positiveCorrelation a(HM:"ABO-incompatible erythrocytes") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 7290675088
JSON

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis.

a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(HM:"acute hemolytic transfusion reaction") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Blood Substitutes") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Blood Substitutes") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Blood Transfusion") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Blood Transfusion") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"autoimmune hemolytic anemia") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"autoimmune hemolytic anemia") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(HP:Stomatocytosis) increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(HP:Stomatocytosis) association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Anemia, Sickle Cell") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Anemia, Sickle Cell") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency of Red Cells") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency of Red Cells") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Spherocytosis, Hereditary") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Spherocytosis, Hereditary") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thalassemia) increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thalassemia) association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:"Anemia, Sickle Cell") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:Thalassemia) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:"Spherocytosis, Hereditary") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(HP:Stomatocytosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:"Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency of Red Cells") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(HP:"autoimmune hemolytic anemia") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(HM:"acute hemolytic transfusion reaction") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(MESH:"Blood Transfusion") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(MESH:"Blood Substitutes") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

Evidence a0ad963ba1
JSON

This common X-linked inherited disorder, characterized by severe intravascular and extravascular haemolysis, is classically triggered by fava bean ingestion or pro-oxidant medications. It causes haemolysis in susceptible individuals and an association with thrombosis was described in multiple case reports (Jewett, 1976; Thompson et al, 2013; Albertsen et al, 2014).

a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 8e11c75cc4
JSON

Furthermore, retrospective studies suggest an association between transfusion of older, stored RBCs and thrombosis (Spinella et al, 2009).

a(HM:"stored erythrocytes") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

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erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(HM:"stored erythrocytes") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence f0a2d8efad
JSON

ADP induces platelet activation and may also contribute to transfusion-related vascular thrombosis.

a(MESH:"Adenosine Diphosphate") positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Adenosine Diphosphate") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence d12a78119c
JSON

ADP released from haemolysed RBCs induces CD40LG release from platelets and lymphocytes, thereby contributing to the pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic environment (Helms et al, 2013).

a(MESH:"Adenosine Diphosphate") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

a(MESH:"Adenosine Diphosphate") increases p(HGNC:CD40LG) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Adenosine Diphosphate") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Inflammation) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Adenosine Diphosphate") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Adenosine Diphosphate") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 2ecead4db7
JSON

Biochemical and biomechanical changes occur in the RBCs during the storage process, ultimately leading to increased haemolysis upon transfusion (Cohen & Matot, 2013).

a(MESH:"Blood Transfusion") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 4140384c5c
JSON

Although RBC transfusions reduce the risk of stroke in SCD (Adams et al, 1998), both clinical strokes and silent infarcts still occur.

a(MESH:"Blood Transfusion") negativeCorrelation path(MESH:Stroke) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
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Review

path(MESH:Stroke) negativeCorrelation a(MESH:"Blood Transfusion") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
Text Location
Review

Evidence ed9bb9558a
JSON

Furthermore, haem released during SCD-induced haemolysis triggers the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) via a ROS-dependent mechanism (Chen et al, 2014).

a(MESH:"Extracellular Traps") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Extracellular Traps") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 1625aa2495
JSON

Thus, NETs recruit RBCs, activate platelets and promote fibrin deposition; they are a previously unrecognized link between haemolysis and thrombosis that may further explain this epidemiological association.

a(MESH:"Extracellular Traps") increases bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Extracellular Traps") increases a(HM:"fibrin deposition") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence d223a368f4
JSON

In addition, 8 of 30 patients (27%) with unspecified warm or cold AIHA experienced an episode of venous thromboembolism (Pullarkat et al, 2002); of these, the presence of a lupus anticoagulant identified AIHA patients at higher risk for venous thromboembolism.

a(MESH:"Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Venous Thromboembolism") View Subject | View Object

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

path(MESH:"Venous Thromboembolism") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence a5dbfbe9ae
JSON

Furthermore, ROS induction by haem directly depends on signal transduction involving Ga inhibitory protein and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and partially depends on phospholipase Cb, protein kinase C, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Rho kinase in neutrophils (Porto et al, 2007).

a(MESH:"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Phospholipase C beta") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Protein Kinase C") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") positiveCorrelation act(p(HGNC:PDPK1)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Phospholipase C beta") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Protein Kinase C") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:ROCK1) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

act(p(HGNC:PDPK1)) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:ROCK1) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence a1f4c911bc
JSON

Inhibiting NADPH oxidase, its upstream activator protein kinase C or antioxidants inhibit haem-mediated stasis, Weibel-Palade body degranulation and oxidant production by the endothelium (Belcher et al, 2014).

a(MESH:"NADPH Oxidase") increases bp(MESH:Hemostasis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"NADPH Oxidase") increases a(HM:"Weibel Palade body degranulation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Protein Kinase C") increases act(a(MESH:"NADPH Oxidase")) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 4646b840bd
JSON

These ROS then oxidize cell membrane constituents to induce cytotoxicity and promote inflammation and thrombosis.

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") increases bp(MESH:"Cytotoxicity, Immunologic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") increases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence f0641d491c
JSON

Formation of large amounts of haptoglobin– haemoglobin complexes rapidly depletes haptoglobin.

a(MESH:"haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex") decreases p(HGNC:HP) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

Evidence 99f8ecda97
JSON

Finally, the cytokines produced through these pathways can then affect endothelial activation, leucocyte recruitment, and ultimately thrombotic risk.

a(MESH:Cytokines) association bp(GO:"endothelial cell activation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:Cytokines) increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

bp(GO:"endothelial cell activation") association a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 4f71049399
JSON

The highest prevalence was observed in splenectomized patients.

a(MESH:Splenectomy) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:Splenectomy) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

Evidence 385607364d
JSON

The increased risk of thrombosis in patients who undergo a splenectomy is important. About 22 000 splenectomies are still conducted annually for all causes in the United States and splenectomized patients have a 22-fold increased rate of being hospitalized for deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism (Kristinsson et al, 2014).

a(MESH:Splenectomy) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Pulmonary Embolism") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:Splenectomy) positiveCorrelation path(HP:"Deep venous thrombosis") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Deep venous thrombosis") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:Splenectomy) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Pulmonary Embolism") positiveCorrelation a(MESH:Splenectomy) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

Evidence 2d701f0f37
JSON

Thus, haemolysis results in NO scavenging, systemic vasoconstriction and increased blood stasis, thereby affecting one of the principle components of Virchow’s Triad.

bp(GO:vasoconstriction) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:Hemostasis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation bp(GO:vasoconstriction) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:Hemostasis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 5bbd087f11
JSON

The essential feature of any haemolytic disorder is shortened red blood cell (RBC) lifespan.

bp(MESH:"Erythrocyte Count") negativeCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) negativeCorrelation bp(MESH:"Erythrocyte Count") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Text Location
Review

Evidence 068965305b
JSON

In addition, reduced NO bioavailability induces platelet activation and aggregation, leading to thrombosis in a mouse model of intravascular haemolysis (Hu et al, 2010).

bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 632981f297
JSON

In patients with SCD (Wun et al, 1998) and b-thalassaemia (Ruf et al, 1997), flow cytometry demonstrates the presence of an increased fraction of platelets expressing P-selectin, a platelet membrane receptor that mediates platelet–endothelial interactions.

bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:SELP) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:SELP) positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 8e029eda0d
JSON

The triad consists of hypercoagulability, blood stasis and endothelial injury/dysfunction, which are useful concepts for understanding thrombosis.

bp(MESH:Hemostasis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Text Location
Review

path(HM:"Endothelial dysfunction") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Text Location
Review

path(HP:Hypercoagulability) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(HP:Hypercoagulability) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:Hemostasis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(HM:"Endothelial dysfunction") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Text Location
Review

Evidence ae7085a4d0
JSON

The haptoglobin–haemoglobin complex is recognized by the haemoglobin scavenger receptor, CD163, on the surface of monocytes/macrophages, which mediates haptoglobin–haemoglobin endocytosis and degradation (Kristiansen et al, 2001).

p(HGNC:CD163) increases deg(a(MESH:"haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex")) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

Evidence 62e89f2c49
JSON

Decreased function of this zinc-containing metalloprotease that cleaves VWF is implicated in the pathogenesis of both congenital and sporadic TTP (Furlan et al, 1998).

p(HGNC:ADAMTS13) negativeCorrelation path(MESH:"Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Purpura, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic") negativeCorrelation p(HGNC:ADAMTS13) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 0b804a4b86
JSON

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [e.g., inter leukin 1B (IL1B), CXCL8 (also termed IL8), TNF and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2, also termed MCP1)], are upregulated in haemolytic disorders such as SCD (Qari et al, 2012). This pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu is crucial in mediating the pro-coagulant effects of vascular endothelial cells and promotes localized inflammation and thrombosis (Qari et al, 2012).

p(HGNC:CCL2) increases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:CCL2) increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:CXCL8) increases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:CXCL8) increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:IL1B) increases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:IL1B) increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:TNF) increases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:TNF) increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 50807e168b
JSON

Normally, haemopexin safely transports haem away from the vessel wall to ligate LRP1 (also termed CD91) on hepatocytes and macrophages, where the haem–haemopexin complex is endocytosed and haem is degraded intracellularly (Hvidberg et al, 2005).

p(HGNC:LRP1) increases deg(complex(a(CHEBI:heme), p(HGNC:HPX))) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:LRP1) increases deg(a(CHEBI:heme)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

Evidence c25842f61a
JSON

Haem increases lethality and cytokine secretion induced by LPS in vivo and enhances cytokine secretion by macrophages stimulated with various innate immune receptor agonists (e.g., TLR2, TLR9, TLR3, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD) agonists) (Fernandez et al, 2010).

p(HGNC:NOD1) increases a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:TLR2) increases a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:TLR3) increases a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:TLR9) increases a(MESH:Cytokines) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence e3a5a620e4
JSON

Patients with hereditary haemolytic anaemia due to RBC structural abnormalities have an increased risk of thromboembolic events, particularly in splenectomized patients (Stewart et al, 1996; Schilling et al, 2008).

path(HP:"Congenital hemolytic anemia") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thromboembolism) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thromboembolism) positiveCorrelation path(HP:"Congenital hemolytic anemia") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence a37de6dc9f
JSON

Thrombotic events also occur in b-thalassaemia patients; for example, pulmonary embolism, portal vein thrombosis and deep vein thrombosis occurred in 29% of b-thalassaemia intermedia patients followed for 10 years (Cappellini et al, 2000).

path(HP:"Deep venous thrombosis") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"beta-Thalassemia") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Portal vein thrombosis") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"beta-Thalassemia") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Pulmonary Embolism") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"beta-Thalassemia") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"beta-Thalassemia") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Pulmonary Embolism") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"beta-Thalassemia") positiveCorrelation path(HP:"Deep venous thrombosis") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"beta-Thalassemia") positiveCorrelation path(HP:"Portal vein thrombosis") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

Evidence 24f3840682
JSON

Although haemolysis and thrombosis are hallmarks of the thrombo microangiopathies, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/haemolytic uraemic syndrome (TTP/HUS), it is difficult to isolate the causative role of haemolysis in the pathophysiology of thrombosis in these complex disorders.

path(HP:"Hemolytic-uremic syndrome") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Hemolytic-uremic syndrome") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation path(HP:"Hemolytic-uremic syndrome") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(HP:"Hemolytic-uremic syndrome") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence cca99e047d
JSON

Thus, in severe haemolytic diseases, such as paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH) and sickle cell disease (SCD), serum haptoglobin is typically undetectable and plasma haemoglobin is elevated (Tabbara, 1992).

path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") decreases p(HGNC:HP) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") increases p(HGNC:HBB) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Anemia, Sickle Cell") decreases p(HGNC:HP) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Anemia, Sickle Cell") increases p(HGNC:HBB) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
Text Location
Review

Evidence be9db67142
JSON

In PNH, uncontrolled complement activity leads to systemic complications, principally through intravascular haemolysis and platelet activation.

path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") increases path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") increases bp(GO:"complement activation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") increases bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

Evidence 7fe52b0b1c
JSON

In a report of 28 heterogeneous patients with either warm or cold AIHA, 5 of 15 episodes of haemolysis were associated with venous thromboembolism (Hendrick, 2003).

path(HP:"autoimmune hemolytic anemia") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Venous Thromboembolism") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Venous Thromboembolism") positiveCorrelation path(HP:"autoimmune hemolytic anemia") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

Evidence 2184b611b8
JSON

SCD is a haemolytic disorder caused by a HBB (b-globin gene) mutation leading to polymerization of haemoglobin S, sickling, and haemolysis.

path(MESH:"Anemia, Sickle Cell") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Anemia, Sickle Cell") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Review

Evidence 4ff8549354
JSON

Although acute intravascular haemolysis is a rare complication of transfusion, it is among the most feared transfusion-associated complications, principally because death may rapidly ensue.

path(MESH:"Transfusion Reaction") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Death) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Death) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Transfusion Reaction") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

Evidence 425a8abe47
JSON

Thromboembolism is the most common cause of death in PNH patients and accounts for 40–67% of deaths for which the cause is known.

path(MESH:Death) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thromboembolism) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thromboembolism) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Death) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Review

Evidence c2dc916197
JSON

Haemolysis, which is observed in multiple diseases, can affect all three components of Virchow’s triad; thus, it is not surprising that there is a link between haemolytic disorders and thrombosis.

path(MESH:Hemolysis) association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Text Location
Review

Evidence 983debb3a4
JSON

During intravascular haemolysis, NO availability is severely limited by its reaction with oxyhaemoglobin (i.e., NO scavenging) and by breakdown of the substrate for NO synthesis, L-arginine, by arginase released from RBCs (Schnog et al, 2004).

path(MESH:Hemolysis) decreases a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

About

BEL Commons is developed and maintained in an academic capacity by Charles Tapley Hoyt and Daniel Domingo-Fernández at the Fraunhofer SCAI Department of Bioinformatics with support from the IMI project, AETIONOMY. It is built on top of PyBEL, an open source project. Please feel free to contact us here to give us feedback or report any issues. Also, see our Publishing Notes and Data Protection information.

If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.