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path(MESH:Thrombosis)

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Entity

Name
Thrombosis
Namespace
MeSH
Namespace Version
20181007
Namespace URL
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pharmacome/terminology/01c9daa61012b37dd0a1bc962521ba51a15b38f1/external/mesh-names.belns

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Heme Curation v0.0.1-dev

Mechanistic knowledge surrounding heme

In-Edges 69

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Thus, by participating in Fenton chemistry, non-transferrin-bound iron (i.e., iron not bound to the physiological iron transport protein, transferrin) causes oxidative damage, cytotoxicity and enhanced endothelial expression of adhesion molecules, thereby enhancing thrombotic risk (Hershko, 2007). PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

There are in vitro and animal model data linking increased free Hb, heme, and iron to inflammation, 6 infection,7 platelet (PLT) activation,8,9 vasculopathy, 10 and thrombosis. PubMed:29603246

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a(CHEBI:"nitric oxide") decreases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Therefore, decreased NO bioavailability affects vascular tone, platelet and endothelial function and coagulation, thus increasing thrombotic risk. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

The abnormal phospholipid membrane asymmetry present in the RBCs of b-thalassaemia and SCD patients, with resultant phosphatidylserine exposure, appears to play a significant role in the aetiology of the observed hypercoagulable state and in the link between haemolysis and thrombosis (Ataga et al, 2007). PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Because of the large numbers of RBCs present in the blood, even a small fraction of RBCs with phosphatidylserine exposure can result in prothrombotic conditions. PubMed:28458720

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MeSH
Veins
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:Erythrocytes) association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

However, in the past few decades there has been increasing evidence that RBCs have a variety of active functions in hemostasis and thrombosis that are significant and need to be taken into account in assessing health and disease. PubMed:28458720

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a(CHEBI:heme) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

There are in vitro and animal model data linking increased free Hb, heme, and iron to inflammation, 6 infection,7 platelet (PLT) activation,8,9 vasculopathy, 10 and thrombosis. PubMed:29603246

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Introduction

a(CHEBI:heme) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

During hemolysis, hemoglobin and heme released from red blood cells promote oxidative stress, inflammation and thrombosis. PubMed:29694434

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Introduction

a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

This common X-linked inherited disorder, characterized by severe intravascular and extravascular haemolysis, is classically triggered by fava bean ingestion or pro-oxidant medications. It causes haemolysis in susceptible individuals and an association with thrombosis was described in multiple case reports (Jewett, 1976; Thompson et al, 2013; Albertsen et al, 2014). PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(HM:"Platelet margination") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

More rigid RBCs may be less able to squeeze through the capillaries and they also increase platelet margination described above, both of which increase the susceptibility to thrombosis [18]. PubMed:28458720

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MeSH
Veins
Text Location
Review

a(HM:"acute hemolytic transfusion reaction") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(HM:"erythrocyte-platelet adhesion") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

The RBC-platelet adhesive interaction may be important in pathological conditions associated with a high incidence of thrombosis, such as thalassemia [36] or sickle cell disease [37]. PubMed:28458720

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MeSH
Veins
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

a(HM:"stored erythrocytes") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Furthermore, retrospective studies suggest an association between transfusion of older, stored RBCs and thrombosis (Spinella et al, 2009). PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Adenosine Diphosphate") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

ADP released from haemolysed RBCs induces CD40LG release from platelets and lymphocytes, thereby contributing to the pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic environment (Helms et al, 2013). PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Blood Substitutes") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Blood Transfusion") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Cell-Derived Microparticles") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

The ability of cells to generate MPs in vivo is an important regulatory mechanism of physiologic reactions, a means for intercellular communications and a pathogenic component in many diseases that impact hemostasis and thrombosis [50, 51]. PubMed:28458720

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Veins
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:"Reactive Oxygen Species") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

These ROS then oxidize cell membrane constituents to induce cytotoxicity and promote inflammation and thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:Cytokines) increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Finally, the cytokines produced through these pathways can then affect endothelial activation, leucocyte recruitment, and ultimately thrombotic risk. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

a(MESH:Splenectomy) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

The highest prevalence was observed in splenectomized patients. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:"Erythrocyte Aggregation") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

RBC aggregation promotes thrombosis in veins, confirming the pathogenic importance of locally altered blood rheology in the development of venous thrombosis [17]. PubMed:28458720

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MeSH
Veins
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Review

bp(MESH:"Erythrocyte Aggregation") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

An increase of fibrinogen concentration can result in greater RBC aggregation, which is associated with a higher incidence of thrombosis. PubMed:28458720

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Veins
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:"Erythrocyte Deformability") negativeCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Some diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, lower limb vein thrombosis, coronary heart disease, can secondarily alter the properties of RBCs, making them stiffer and prothrombotic [24]. PubMed:28458720

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MeSH
Veins
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:"Erythrocyte Deformability") decreases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

More rigid RBCs may be less able to squeeze through the capillaries and they also increase platelet margination described above, both of which increase the susceptibility to thrombosis [18]. PubMed:28458720

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MeSH
Veins
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:"Erythrocyte Volume") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Thus the volume fraction of red cells may have a significant impact on hemostasis and thrombosis, with the nature of the effect related to the flow conditions [9]. PubMed:28458720

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bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

In addition, reduced NO bioavailability induces platelet activation and aggregation, leading to thrombosis in a mouse model of intravascular haemolysis (Hu et al, 2010). PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

In addition, reduced NO bioavailability induces platelet activation and aggregation, leading to thrombosis in a mouse model of intravascular haemolysis (Hu et al, 2010). PubMed:25307023

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Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

When RBCs are damaged by high shear in continuous flow ventricular assist devices, free hemoglobin induces platelet aggregation, contributing to high risk of thrombotic complications [33]. PubMed:28458720

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MeSH
Veins
MeSH
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:Eryptosis) association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

On the other hand, eryptosis is associated with anemia, microcirculatory derangement, and thrombosis [142, 144]. PubMed:29956069

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Liver
MeSH
Sepsis
Text Location
Review

bp(MESH:Hematocrit) association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

On the other hand, an abnormally high hematocrit is associated with thrombosis, and patients with polycythemia vera or taking erythropoietin are more susceptible to thrombosis and thromboembolism [4, 5]. PubMed:28458720

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bp(MESH:Hemostasis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

The triad consists of hypercoagulability, blood stasis and endothelial injury/dysfunction, which are useful concepts for understanding thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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p(HGNC:HBB) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

There are in vitro and animal model data linking increased free Hb, heme, and iron to inflammation, 6 infection,7 platelet (PLT) activation,8,9 vasculopathy, 10 and thrombosis. PubMed:29603246

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Introduction

p(HGNC:HBB) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

The median (and mean—data not shown) free Hb levels preoperatively and at all postoperative time points (immediately and 6 and 12 hr postoperatively) were higher (p50.057) in those who later developed a proven thrombosis (Fig. 3 displays the 12-hr data). PubMed:29603246

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MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
Text Location
Results

p(HGNC:HBB) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Our findings in the complex setting of critically ill pediatric cardiac surgery patients demonstrate that higher levels of free Hb and lower levels of haptoglobin are associated with serious postoperative clinical complications (infection, thrombosis, death), immunomodulation, and inflammation. PubMed:29603246

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MeSH
Blood
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
Text Location
Discussion

p(HGNC:HBB) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Children undergoing open heart surgery experience a progressively increasing risk of postoperative infection and thrombosis, increasing need for mechanical ventilation and inotropes, increasing Day 1 through Day 2 peak blood lactate, and decreased nadir mean arterial pressure as the levels of free Hb increase and the levels of haptoglobin decrease. PubMed:29603246

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MeSH
Blood
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
Text Location
Discussion

p(HGNC:HBB) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

During hemolysis, hemoglobin and heme released from red blood cells promote oxidative stress, inflammation and thrombosis. PubMed:29694434

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p(HGNC:HP) negativeCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Adult normal levels of preoperative haptoglobin were associated with a substantially and significantly lower incidence of thrombosis than lower levels of haptoglobin (Table 1; row 3). PubMed:29603246

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MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
Text Location
Results

p(HGNC:CCL2) increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [e.g., inter leukin 1B (IL1B), CXCL8 (also termed IL8), TNF and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2, also termed MCP1)], are upregulated in haemolytic disorders such as SCD (Qari et al, 2012). This pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu is crucial in mediating the pro-coagulant effects of vascular endothelial cells and promotes localized inflammation and thrombosis (Qari et al, 2012). PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:CD59, var("p.Cys89Tyr")) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

More recently, we have described two infants carrying the mutation who manifested with recurrent strokes [8], establishing the concept that primary Cys89Tyr mutation in CD59 leads to a thrombophilic state. PubMed:29929138

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MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Introduction

p(HGNC:CD59, var("p.Cys89Tyr")) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

In summary, thrombosis is an extremely important prognostic factor both in PNH and in primary Cys89Tyr nonfunctioning CD59. PubMed:29929138

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Coronary Vessels
MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Discussion

p(HGNC:CXCL8) increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [e.g., inter leukin 1B (IL1B), CXCL8 (also termed IL8), TNF and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2, also termed MCP1)], are upregulated in haemolytic disorders such as SCD (Qari et al, 2012). This pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu is crucial in mediating the pro-coagulant effects of vascular endothelial cells and promotes localized inflammation and thrombosis (Qari et al, 2012). PubMed:25307023

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:EPO) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

On the other hand, an abnormally high hematocrit is associated with thrombosis, and patients with polycythemia vera or taking erythropoietin are more susceptible to thrombosis and thromboembolism [4, 5]. PubMed:28458720

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Review

p(HGNC:IL1B) increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [e.g., inter leukin 1B (IL1B), CXCL8 (also termed IL8), TNF and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2, also termed MCP1)], are upregulated in haemolytic disorders such as SCD (Qari et al, 2012). This pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu is crucial in mediating the pro-coagulant effects of vascular endothelial cells and promotes localized inflammation and thrombosis (Qari et al, 2012). PubMed:25307023

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:TNF) increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines [e.g., inter leukin 1B (IL1B), CXCL8 (also termed IL8), TNF and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2, also termed MCP1)], are upregulated in haemolytic disorders such as SCD (Qari et al, 2012). This pro-inflammatory cytokine milieu is crucial in mediating the pro-coagulant effects of vascular endothelial cells and promotes localized inflammation and thrombosis (Qari et al, 2012). PubMed:25307023

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

p(HGNC:VWF) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

The VWF is prothrombotic and can increase the adhesion of erythrocytes to the endothelium. PubMed:24904418

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Liver
MeSH
Malaria
Text Location
Review

p(MGI:Hmox1) negativeCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Clinical studies have confirmed endothelial dysfunction and vasculopathy in a patient with HO-1 deficiency, and similarly, mice lacking HO-1 have increased vascular injury and thrombotic complications (43, 44). PubMed:19276082

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Aorta
Text Location
Discussion

path(HM:"Endothelial dysfunction") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

The triad consists of hypercoagulability, blood stasis and endothelial injury/dysfunction, which are useful concepts for understanding thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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path(HM:"endothelial lesions") increases path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

During HUS, endothelial lesions cause a complement dependent activation of immune response and local thrombus formation—attachment of fibrin and platelets to the endothelial lesions and consequently disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)—and further mechanical destruction of the red blood cells in the fibrin mesh resulting in hemolysis [82]. PubMed:29956069

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Liver
MeSH
Atypical Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Hemolytic-uremic syndrome") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Although haemolysis and thrombosis are hallmarks of the thrombo microangiopathies, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/haemolytic uraemic syndrome (TTP/HUS), it is difficult to isolate the causative role of haemolysis in the pathophysiology of thrombosis in these complex disorders. PubMed:25307023

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Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Thrombosis is the prognostic factor with the greatest effect on survival in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients [1, 2]. PubMed:29929138

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path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

In summary, thrombosis is an extremely important prognostic factor both in PNH and in primary Cys89Tyr nonfunctioning CD59. PubMed:29929138

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Coronary Vessels
MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Discussion

path(HP:"autoimmune hemolytic anemia") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(HP:Hypercoagulability) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

The triad consists of hypercoagulability, blood stasis and endothelial injury/dysfunction, which are useful concepts for understanding thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Review

path(HP:Stomatocytosis) association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Anemia, Sickle Cell") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Although haemolysis and thrombosis are hallmarks of the thrombo microangiopathies, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/haemolytic uraemic syndrome (TTP/HUS), it is difficult to isolate the causative role of haemolysis in the pathophysiology of thrombosis in these complex disorders. PubMed:25307023

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Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

DIC is characterized by a systemic intravascular coagulation, formation of microvascular thrombi, insufficiently compensated consumption of platelets and coagulation factors, and eventually bleeding tendency [84]. PubMed:29956069

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Microvessels
MeSH
Sepsis
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Polycythemia Vera") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

On the other hand, an abnormally high hematocrit is associated with thrombosis, and patients with polycythemia vera or taking erythropoietin are more susceptible to thrombosis and thromboembolism [4, 5]. PubMed:28458720

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Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency of Red Cells") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Spherocytosis, Hereditary") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Although haemolysis and thrombosis are hallmarks of the thrombo microangiopathies, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/haemolytic uraemic syndrome (TTP/HUS), it is difficult to isolate the causative role of haemolysis in the pathophysiology of thrombosis in these complex disorders. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Death) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Data from several retrospective studies in the preeculizumab era showed that the cause of death was related to thrombosis in 22.2–37.2% of PNH patients. PubMed:29929138

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Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Introduction

path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Moreover they have demonstrated that released Hb plays an important role in exacerbating RBC hemolysis, establishing a damaging hemolysis/ oxidative cycle that drives further red cell damage, vascular injury, and thrombosis. PubMed:19276082

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erythrocyte
MeSH
Aorta
Text Location
Discussion

path(MESH:Hemolysis) association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Haemolysis, which is observed in multiple diseases, can affect all three components of Virchow’s triad; thus, it is not surprising that there is a link between haemolytic disorders and thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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path(MESH:Hemolysis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Furthermore, experiments of nature that lead to increased levels of chronic hemolysis, such as sickle cell anemia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, provide evidence that low levels of hemolysis may be harmful, and contribute to inflammation, thrombosis, vasculopathy, and impaired host defenses against infection.1,11 PubMed:29603246

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Anemia, Sickle Cell
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Introduction

path(MESH:Thalassemia) association path(MESH:Thrombosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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macrophage
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Plasma
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Urine
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Review

Out-Edges 54

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Polycythemia Vera") View Subject | View Object

On the other hand, an abnormally high hematocrit is associated with thrombosis, and patients with polycythemia vera or taking erythropoietin are more susceptible to thrombosis and thromboembolism [4, 5]. PubMed:28458720

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:EPO) View Subject | View Object

On the other hand, an abnormally high hematocrit is associated with thrombosis, and patients with polycythemia vera or taking erythropoietin are more susceptible to thrombosis and thromboembolism [4, 5]. PubMed:28458720

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:"Erythrocyte Volume") View Subject | View Object

Thus the volume fraction of red cells may have a significant impact on hemostasis and thrombosis, with the nature of the effect related to the flow conditions [9]. PubMed:28458720

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Moreover they have demonstrated that released Hb plays an important role in exacerbating RBC hemolysis, establishing a damaging hemolysis/ oxidative cycle that drives further red cell damage, vascular injury, and thrombosis. PubMed:19276082

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Aorta
Text Location
Discussion

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Haemolysis, which is observed in multiple diseases, can affect all three components of Virchow’s triad; thus, it is not surprising that there is a link between haemolytic disorders and thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Hemolysis) View Subject | View Object

Furthermore, experiments of nature that lead to increased levels of chronic hemolysis, such as sickle cell anemia and paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, provide evidence that low levels of hemolysis may be harmful, and contribute to inflammation, thrombosis, vasculopathy, and impaired host defenses against infection.1,11 PubMed:29603246

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Anemia, Sickle Cell
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Introduction

path(MESH:Thrombosis) negativeCorrelation p(MGI:Hmox1) View Subject | View Object

Clinical studies have confirmed endothelial dysfunction and vasculopathy in a patient with HO-1 deficiency, and similarly, mice lacking HO-1 have increased vascular injury and thrombotic complications (43, 44). PubMed:19276082

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erythrocyte
MeSH
Aorta
Text Location
Discussion

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:VWF) View Subject | View Object

The VWF is prothrombotic and can increase the adhesion of erythrocytes to the endothelium. PubMed:24904418

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Liver
MeSH
Malaria
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(HP:Hypercoagulability) View Subject | View Object

The triad consists of hypercoagulability, blood stasis and endothelial injury/dysfunction, which are useful concepts for understanding thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:Hemostasis) View Subject | View Object

The triad consists of hypercoagulability, blood stasis and endothelial injury/dysfunction, which are useful concepts for understanding thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(HM:"Endothelial dysfunction") View Subject | View Object

The triad consists of hypercoagulability, blood stasis and endothelial injury/dysfunction, which are useful concepts for understanding thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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macrophage
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Plasma
MeSH
Urine
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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") View Subject | View Object

Thrombosis is the prognostic factor with the greatest effect on survival in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) patients [1, 2]. PubMed:29929138

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(HP:"Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria") View Subject | View Object

In summary, thrombosis is an extremely important prognostic factor both in PNH and in primary Cys89Tyr nonfunctioning CD59. PubMed:29929138

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erythrocyte
MeSH
Coronary Vessels
MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Discussion

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:"Anemia, Sickle Cell") View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:Thalassemia) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
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Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(HM:"Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency") View Subject | View Object

This common X-linked inherited disorder, characterized by severe intravascular and extravascular haemolysis, is classically triggered by fava bean ingestion or pro-oxidant medications. It causes haemolysis in susceptible individuals and an association with thrombosis was described in multiple case reports (Jewett, 1976; Thompson et al, 2013; Albertsen et al, 2014). PubMed:25307023

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erythrocyte
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Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:"Spherocytosis, Hereditary") View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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macrophage
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Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(HP:Stomatocytosis) View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:"Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency of Red Cells") View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(HP:"autoimmune hemolytic anemia") View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation") View Subject | View Object

Although haemolysis and thrombosis are hallmarks of the thrombo microangiopathies, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/haemolytic uraemic syndrome (TTP/HUS), it is difficult to isolate the causative role of haemolysis in the pathophysiology of thrombosis in these complex disorders. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Thrombotic Microangiopathies") View Subject | View Object

Although haemolysis and thrombosis are hallmarks of the thrombo microangiopathies, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/haemolytic uraemic syndrome (TTP/HUS), it is difficult to isolate the causative role of haemolysis in the pathophysiology of thrombosis in these complex disorders. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(HM:"acute hemolytic transfusion reaction") View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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macrophage
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Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(MESH:"Blood Transfusion") View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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macrophage
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Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(MESH:"Blood Substitutes") View Subject | View Object

Multiple haemolytic disorders and therapeutic interventions produce substantial intravascular haemolysis. Examples include PNH, SCD, thalassaemias, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, hereditary spherocytosis and stomatocytosis, pyruvate kinase deficiency, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia, microangiopathies, acute haemolytic transfusion reactions, mechanical circulatory support [e.g., left ventricular assist device (LVAD)/extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)], RBC transfusions and infusions of RBC substitutes. These disorders, therapies and procedures are also associated with an increased risk of thrombosis. PubMed:25307023

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macrophage
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:Splenectomy) View Subject | View Object

The highest prevalence was observed in splenectomized patients. PubMed:25307023

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erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:"Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation") View Subject | View Object

DIC is characterized by a systemic intravascular coagulation, formation of microvascular thrombi, insufficiently compensated consumption of platelets and coagulation factors, and eventually bleeding tendency [84]. PubMed:29956069

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erythrocyte
MeSH
Microvessels
MeSH
Sepsis
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(HP:"Hemolytic-uremic syndrome") View Subject | View Object

Although haemolysis and thrombosis are hallmarks of the thrombo microangiopathies, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/haemolytic uraemic syndrome (TTP/HUS), it is difficult to isolate the causative role of haemolysis in the pathophysiology of thrombosis in these complex disorders. PubMed:25307023

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
Text Location
Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(HM:"stored erythrocytes") View Subject | View Object

Furthermore, retrospective studies suggest an association between transfusion of older, stored RBCs and thrombosis (Spinella et al, 2009). PubMed:25307023

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erythrocyte
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Plasma
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Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:"Platelet Aggregation") View Subject | View Object

In addition, reduced NO bioavailability induces platelet activation and aggregation, leading to thrombosis in a mouse model of intravascular haemolysis (Hu et al, 2010). PubMed:25307023

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macrophage
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Urine
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Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:"Platelet Activation") View Subject | View Object

In addition, reduced NO bioavailability induces platelet activation and aggregation, leading to thrombosis in a mouse model of intravascular haemolysis (Hu et al, 2010). PubMed:25307023

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macrophage
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Plasma
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Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Adenosine Diphosphate") View Subject | View Object

ADP released from haemolysed RBCs induces CD40LG release from platelets and lymphocytes, thereby contributing to the pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic environment (Helms et al, 2013). PubMed:25307023

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endothelial cell
MeSH
Plasma
MeSH
Urine
MeSH
Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association a(MESH:Erythrocytes) View Subject | View Object

However, in the past few decades there has been increasing evidence that RBCs have a variety of active functions in hemostasis and thrombosis that are significant and need to be taken into account in assessing health and disease. PubMed:28458720

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) association bp(MESH:Hematocrit) View Subject | View Object

On the other hand, an abnormally high hematocrit is associated with thrombosis, and patients with polycythemia vera or taking erythropoietin are more susceptible to thrombosis and thromboembolism [4, 5]. PubMed:28458720

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) negativeCorrelation bp(MESH:"Erythrocyte Deformability") View Subject | View Object

Some diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, lower limb vein thrombosis, coronary heart disease, can secondarily alter the properties of RBCs, making them stiffer and prothrombotic [24]. PubMed:28458720

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Veins
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:"phosphatidyl-L-serine") View Subject | View Object

Because of the large numbers of RBCs present in the blood, even a small fraction of RBCs with phosphatidylserine exposure can result in prothrombotic conditions. PubMed:28458720

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Veins
MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(MESH:"Cell-Derived Microparticles") View Subject | View Object

The ability of cells to generate MPs in vivo is an important regulatory mechanism of physiologic reactions, a means for intercellular communications and a pathogenic component in many diseases that impact hemostasis and thrombosis [50, 51]. PubMed:28458720

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erythrocyte
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Veins
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation bp(MESH:"Erythrocyte Aggregation") View Subject | View Object

An increase of fibrinogen concentration can result in greater RBC aggregation, which is associated with a higher incidence of thrombosis. PubMed:28458720

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erythrocyte
MeSH
Veins
MeSH
beta-Thalassemia
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Review

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:HBB) View Subject | View Object

There are in vitro and animal model data linking increased free Hb, heme, and iron to inflammation, 6 infection,7 platelet (PLT) activation,8,9 vasculopathy, 10 and thrombosis. PubMed:29603246

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:HBB) View Subject | View Object

The median (and mean—data not shown) free Hb levels preoperatively and at all postoperative time points (immediately and 6 and 12 hr postoperatively) were higher (p50.057) in those who later developed a proven thrombosis (Fig. 3 displays the 12-hr data). PubMed:29603246

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Anemia, Sickle Cell
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Results

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:HBB) View Subject | View Object

Our findings in the complex setting of critically ill pediatric cardiac surgery patients demonstrate that higher levels of free Hb and lower levels of haptoglobin are associated with serious postoperative clinical complications (infection, thrombosis, death), immunomodulation, and inflammation. PubMed:29603246

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Blood
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Anemia, Sickle Cell
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Discussion

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:HBB) View Subject | View Object

Children undergoing open heart surgery experience a progressively increasing risk of postoperative infection and thrombosis, increasing need for mechanical ventilation and inotropes, increasing Day 1 through Day 2 peak blood lactate, and decreased nadir mean arterial pressure as the levels of free Hb increase and the levels of haptoglobin decrease. PubMed:29603246

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Blood
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Anemia, Sickle Cell
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Discussion

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:HBB) View Subject | View Object

During hemolysis, hemoglobin and heme released from red blood cells promote oxidative stress, inflammation and thrombosis. PubMed:29694434

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:heme) View Subject | View Object

There are in vitro and animal model data linking increased free Hb, heme, and iron to inflammation, 6 infection,7 platelet (PLT) activation,8,9 vasculopathy, 10 and thrombosis. PubMed:29603246

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path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:heme) View Subject | View Object

During hemolysis, hemoglobin and heme released from red blood cells promote oxidative stress, inflammation and thrombosis. PubMed:29694434

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Text Location
Introduction

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation a(CHEBI:"iron(2+)") View Subject | View Object

There are in vitro and animal model data linking increased free Hb, heme, and iron to inflammation, 6 infection,7 platelet (PLT) activation,8,9 vasculopathy, 10 and thrombosis. PubMed:29603246

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Text Location
Introduction

path(MESH:Thrombosis) negativeCorrelation p(HGNC:HP) View Subject | View Object

Adult normal levels of preoperative haptoglobin were associated with a substantially and significantly lower incidence of thrombosis than lower levels of haptoglobin (Table 1; row 3). PubMed:29603246

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MeSH
Anemia, Sickle Cell
Text Location
Results

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation path(MESH:Death) View Subject | View Object

Data from several retrospective studies in the preeculizumab era showed that the cause of death was related to thrombosis in 22.2–37.2% of PNH patients. PubMed:29929138

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MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Introduction

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:CD59, var("p.Cys89Tyr")) View Subject | View Object

More recently, we have described two infants carrying the mutation who manifested with recurrent strokes [8], establishing the concept that primary Cys89Tyr mutation in CD59 leads to a thrombophilic state. PubMed:29929138

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Annotations
MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Introduction

path(MESH:Thrombosis) positiveCorrelation p(HGNC:CD59, var("p.Cys89Tyr")) View Subject | View Object

In summary, thrombosis is an extremely important prognostic factor both in PNH and in primary Cys89Tyr nonfunctioning CD59. PubMed:29929138

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Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Coronary Vessels
MeSH
Hemoglobinuria, Paroxysmal
Text Location
Discussion

path(MESH:Thrombosis) association bp(MESH:Eryptosis) View Subject | View Object

On the other hand, eryptosis is associated with anemia, microcirculatory derangement, and thrombosis [142, 144]. PubMed:29956069

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Annotations
Cell Ontology (CL)
erythrocyte
MeSH
Liver
MeSH
Sepsis
Text Location
Review

About

BEL Commons is developed and maintained in an academic capacity by Charles Tapley Hoyt and Daniel Domingo-Fernández at the Fraunhofer SCAI Department of Bioinformatics with support from the IMI project, AETIONOMY. It is built on top of PyBEL, an open source project. Please feel free to contact us here to give us feedback or report any issues. Also, see our Publishing Notes and Data Protection information.

If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.