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  3. PubMed:28901280

PubMed: 28901280

Title
Neuronal and Extraneuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors.
Journal
Current neuropharmacology
Volume
16
Issue
None
Pages
338-349
Date
2018-01-01
Authors
Gotti C | Pucci S | Vilella A | Zoli M

Evidence 04d301a3c1
JSON

The cytoplasmic in- crease in calcium triggers the secretion of mitogenic factors and activates the signalling cascades involved in cell prolif- eration, migration and angiogenesis and the inhibition of apoptosis

a(CHEBI:"calcium cation") increases bp(MESH:"Cell Proliferation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(CHEBI:"calcium cation") increases bp(MESH:"Cell Movement") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(CHEBI:"calcium cation") decreases bp(MESH:Apoptosis) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 94e309ba2c
JSON

The up- regulation of nAChRs has also been obtained using nicotinic agonists (cytisine, carbamylcholine and varenicline) [66, 67], antagonists (dihydro-β-erythroidine, mecamylamine) [68-70] and a partial agonist (CC4)

a(HBP:cytisine) decreases p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

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a(HBP:cytisine) decreases act(a(MESH:Nicotine)) View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:"Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine") decreases p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

a(MESH:"Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine") decreases act(a(MESH:Nicotine)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

a(MESH:Carbachol) decreases p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

a(MESH:Carbachol) decreases act(a(MESH:Nicotine)) View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Mecamylamine) decreases p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Mecamylamine) decreases act(a(MESH:Nicotine)) View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Varenicline) decreases p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Varenicline) decreases act(a(MESH:Nicotine)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

Evidence 4a9e4757c1
JSON

Dopamine (DA) neurons, which project to the NAc receive both excitatory glutamater- gic and cholinergic afferents that mediate nicotine reward, and inhibitory GABAergic afferents, that mediate aversion [77]. The release of these neurotransmitters is modulated by the nAChRs expressed in cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals

a(HBP:neurotransmitters) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic", loc(MESH:"GABAergic Neurons")) View Subject | View Object

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a(HBP:neurotransmitters) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic", loc(MESH:"Cholinergic Neurons")) View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:"Dopaminergic Neurons") regulates a(MESH:Nicotine) View Subject | View Object

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p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic", loc(MESH:"GABAergic Neurons")) association a(HBP:neurotransmitters) View Subject | View Object

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p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic", loc(MESH:"Cholinergic Neurons")) association a(HBP:neurotransmitters) View Subject | View Object

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Evidence c8297f21ab
JSON

The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) is synthesised, stored and released by cholinergic neurons, and exerts its effects on the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) through two distinct types of receptor: the muscarinic and nicotinic ACh receptors (mAChRs and nAChRs).

a(MESH:"Cholinergic Neurons") increases a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

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complex(a(MESH:"Receptors, Muscarinic"), a(MESH:Acetylcholine)) increases act(a(MESH:"Central Nervous System")) View Subject | View Object

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complex(a(MESH:Acetylcholine), p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic")) increases act(a(MESH:"Peripheral Nervous System")) View Subject | View Object

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Evidence 21998f6ffe
JSON

Accordingly, ACh and its synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), are found in human and animal erythrocytes, immune cells, endothelial and epithelial cells (including airway epithelial cells) and placenta cells. Small amounts of ACh are even found in blood

a(MESH:"Endothelial Cells") increases a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:"Endothelial Cells") increases a(MESH:"Choline O-Acetyltransferase") View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:"Epithelial Cells") increases a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:"Epithelial Cells") increases a(MESH:"Choline O-Acetyltransferase") View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Erythrocytes) increases a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Erythrocytes) increases a(MESH:"Choline O-Acetyltransferase") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

Evidence f6fa66c00f
JSON

α9 or a9 and α10 subunits are expressed in most immune cells, dorsal root ganglion cells, human keratinocytes and colon and breast cancer cells.

a(MESH:"Ganglia, Spinal") increases complex(p(HGNC:CHRNA10), p(HGNC:CHRNA9)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:"Ganglia, Spinal") increases p(HGNC:CHRNA9) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Keratinocytes) increases complex(p(HGNC:CHRNA10), p(HGNC:CHRNA9)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Keratinocytes) increases p(HGNC:CHRNA9) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence a722e6bda4
JSON

but ACh is also released by non-neuronal tissues where it is involved in cell-to-cell communication, and con- trols essential functions such as cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, secretion, survival and apoptosis, in an autocrine, paracrine or juxtacrine manner

a(MESH:Acetylcholine) association bp(GO:"cell-cell signaling") View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Acetylcholine) association bp(HBP:"cell population proliferation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

a(MESH:Acetylcholine) association bp(GO:"cell adhesion") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

a(MESH:Acetylcholine) association bp(MESH:"Cell Movement") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

a(MESH:Acetylcholine) association bp(GO:"secretion by cell") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

a(MESH:Acetylcholine) association bp(MESH:"Cell Survival") View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Acetylcholine) association bp(MESH:Apoptosis) View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Acetylcholine) association bp(MESH:"Autocrine Communication") View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Acetylcholine) association bp(MESH:"Paracrine Communication") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

a(MESH:Acetylcholine) association bp(HBP:"juxtacrine signaling") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

bp(GO:"cell adhesion") association a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

bp(GO:"cell-cell signaling") association a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

bp(GO:"secretion by cell") association a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

bp(HBP:"cell population proliferation") association a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

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bp(HBP:"juxtacrine signaling") association a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

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bp(MESH:"Autocrine Communication") association a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

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bp(MESH:"Cell Movement") association a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

bp(MESH:"Cell Survival") association a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

bp(MESH:"Paracrine Communication") association a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

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bp(MESH:Apoptosis) association a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

Evidence afe1d86997
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Together with that re- leased by vagal nerve endings, ACh can also contribute to the cholinergic control of inflammation

a(MESH:Acetylcholine) decreases path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

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Evidence 02bd122701
JSON

When lung cancer arises from the airway epithelium, cell growth is stimulated by ACh or nicotine, and this growth loop may provide endogenous mitogenic signalling without any further activation

a(MESH:Acetylcholine) increases path(MESH:Neoplasms) View Subject | View Object

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MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases path(MESH:Neoplasms) View Subject | View Object

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Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence ce17983e87
JSON

α9 and α9-α10 nAChRs have a number of interesting characteristics: they are acti- vated by ACh but not by the classical agonist nicotine. Cho- line is also a potent selective agonist of the α9 subtype

a(MESH:Acetylcholine) increases act(complex(p(HGNC:CHRNA10), p(HGNC:CHRNA9))) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Acetylcholine) increases act(p(HGNC:CHRNA9)) View Subject | View Object

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Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Choline) increases act(p(HGNC:CHRNA9)) View Subject | View Object

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Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) causesNoChange act(complex(p(HGNC:CHRNA10), p(HGNC:CHRNA9))) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) causesNoChange act(p(HGNC:CHRNA9)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence b5259eb605
JSON

Airway epithelium cells synthesise, store, process, se- crete and reabsorb ACh, which acts as an autocrine and paracrine growth factor

a(MESH:Epithelium) regulates a(MESH:Acetylcholine) View Subject | View Object

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Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence ad5b8bf18a
JSON

α7 nAChRs are essential for the plasticity of the airway epithelium as α7 Ko mice show altered basal cell layer formation, hyperplasia, and uncontrolled growth

act(a(MESH:Epithelium)) association p(MGI:Chrna7) View Subject | View Object

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MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

p(MGI:Chrna7) association act(a(MESH:Epithelium)) View Subject | View Object

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Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence f4daceec18
JSON

By acting on the α7 receptors in glutamate terminals, acutely administrated nicotine stimu- lates the release of glutamate, which facilitates the burst fir- ing of VTA DA neurons and eventually leads to LTP,and increases the firing rate of the GABAergic neurons of the rostromedial tegmental nucleus

a(MESH:Glutamates) increases bp(MESH:"Long-Term Potentiation") View Subject | View Object

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Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Glutamates) increases bp(GO:"action potential initiation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases a(MESH:Glutamates) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence ea8d8d616e
JSON

nAChRs are particularly important in two critical periods of brain life: early pre- and post-natal circuit formation, and age-related cell degeneration. They are involved in neuronal survival, as it has been shown that nicotinic agonists are neu- roprotective in in vivo and in vitro models

a(MESH:Neurons) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Nicotine) decreases a(MESH:Neurons) View Subject | View Object

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p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association a(MESH:Neurons) View Subject | View Object

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Evidence d04df949b8
JSON

α4β2* subtypes, in which the presence of different accessory subunits changes their pharmacological and biophysical properties, and their sensitivity to allosteric modulators and up-regulation by nicotine

a(MESH:Nicotine) decreases act(complex(p(HGNC:CHRNA4), p(HGNC:CHRNB2))) View Subject | View Object

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Evidence 813a2fe51b
JSON

By activating the α4β2 receptors on inhibitory GABAergic inputs to the VTA or GABAergic interneurons, smoked concentrations of nicotine transiently increase the release of GABA and subse- quently depress it for about one hour

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases complex(p(HGNC:CHRNA4), p(HGNC:CHRNB2)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases p(MESH:"Receptors, GABA") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) decreases p(MESH:"Receptors, GABA") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence d1ab167791
JSON

Chronic nicotine treatment also activates the α7 receptors expressed on glutamatergic terminals, increases the release of glutamate (which facilitates the burst firing of VTA DA neurons), increases NMDA receptor activity, and LTP [79], but simultaneosusly induces the desensitisation of the α4β2 receptors on GABAergic terminals. Overall, these effects decrease the inhibition onto DA neurons, and increase DA release in the NAc [82].

a(MESH:Nicotine) decreases act(complex(p(HGNC:CHRNA4), p(HGNC:CHRNB2))) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases a(MESH:Glutamates) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases a(MESH:Dopamine) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases act(p(HGNC:CHRNA7)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases p(MESH:"Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases bp(MESH:"Long-Term Potentiation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence bef1936331
JSON

Chronic nicotine exposure induces neural adaptations that change cell physi- ology and behaviour mainly as a result of activation and/or desensitisation of nAChRs. Studies of the brains of animals and smokers chronically exposed to nicotine have shown an increase in the number of nAChRs (up-regulation).

a(MESH:Nicotine) decreases p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

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Evidence efd619eb4a
JSON

There is evidence indicating that key steps in nicotine-induced up-regulation are receptor assem- bly [72, 73], decreased proteasomal degradation [74], traf- ficking [75] and cell surface expression

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases bp(GO:"nodal receptor complex assembly") View Subject | View Object

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a(MESH:Nicotine) increases act(p(MESH:"Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex")) View Subject | View Object

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Evidence 55a73f4cad
JSON

nicotine modulates the shift towards burst firing and increases DA release in the NAc

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases bp(GO:"action potential initiation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Nicotine) increases a(MESH:Dopamine) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 01f1b2deb7
JSON

These alterations are very similar to those observed in cul- tured human airway cells or in ex vivo human lung explants treated with the selective α7 antagonist αBgtx, or epithelial cell cultures chronically exposed to nicotine in which nico- tine-induced desensitisation of α7 receptors mimics the ab- sence of α7 nAChR

a(MESH:Nicotine) decreases act(p(HGNC:CHRNA7)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 93e68aac54
JSON

The coding SNP α5 D398N is closely associated with nicotine consumption

act(a(MESH:Nicotine)) association g(DNSNP:rs16969968) View Subject | View Object

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Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

g(DNSNP:rs16969968) association act(a(MESH:Nicotine)) View Subject | View Object

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Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 29c4827c6f
JSON

whereas phosphocholine (PC) does not evoke ion current responses in Xenopus oocytes expressing functional ho- momeric α9 or heteromeric α9-α10 nAChRs [121]. How- ever, preincubation with PC attenuates choline-induced ion current changes, thus suggesting that PC is a silent agonist of these two subtypes

a(MESH:Phosphorylcholine) causesNoChange complex(p(HGNC:CHRNA10), p(HGNC:CHRNA9)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

a(MESH:Phosphorylcholine) causesNoChange p(HGNC:CHRNA9) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence a5f838f9ad
JSON

whereas those on microglia increase intracellular calcium levels and signalling cascades without using channel function, and those on macrophages and other immunological cells signal through the JAK2/STAT3 tran- scription factor pathway

bp(GO:"JAK-STAT cascade") increases a(CHEBI:"calcium cation", loc(GO:intracellular)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

p(HGNC:CHRNA7) increases bp(GO:"JAK-STAT cascade") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence ca3f2b97b3
JSON

nAChRs are expressed also at the somatodendritic postsynaptic site, where they regulate neuron depolarisation, firing and long- term potentiation [9]. Moreover these receptors are also in- volved in proliferation, differentiation and migration of neu- ral progenitors

bp(GO:"action potential initiation") association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

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bp(GO:"cell differentiation") association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

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bp(HBP:"cell population proliferation") association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association bp(GO:"action potential initiation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association bp(HBP:"cell population proliferation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association bp(GO:"cell differentiation") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

Evidence 5c46e8a3bf
JSON

The Hb-IPN system expresses the highest levels and va- riety of nAChR subunits and subtypes in mammalian brain [85], and is the only central system expressing high levels of α3, β4 and α5 subunits.

bp(HBP:"habenulo-interpeduncular pathway") increases p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

bp(HBP:"habenulo-interpeduncular pathway") increases p(HGNC:CHRNA3, loc(MESH:"Central Nervous System")) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

bp(HBP:"habenulo-interpeduncular pathway") increases p(HGNC:CHRNB4, loc(MESH:"Central Nervous System")) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

bp(HBP:"habenulo-interpeduncular pathway") increases p(HGNC:CHRNA5, loc(MESH:"Central Nervous System")) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 64ef0ce2ba
JSON

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke

bp(MESH:Analgesia) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:Learning) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:Memory) View Subject | View Object

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p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:Arousal) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:Reward) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association bp(MESH:Analgesia) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:Arousal) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:Learning) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:Memory) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:Reward) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

Evidence 2a37ec9d3f
JSON

The binding of ACh or nicotine activates neuronal nAChRs thus leading to the influx of Na+ and Ca2+ and ef- flux of K+.

complex(a(MESH:Acetylcholine), p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic")) increases tloc(a(MESH:Sodium), fromLoc(GO:"extracellular region"), toLoc(GO:intracellular)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

complex(a(MESH:Acetylcholine), p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic")) increases tloc(a(CHEBI:"calcium cation"), fromLoc(GO:"extracellular region"), toLoc(GO:intracellular)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

complex(a(MESH:Acetylcholine), p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic")) increases tloc(a(CHEBI:"potassium(1+)"), fromLoc(GO:intracellular), toLoc(GO:"extracellular region")) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 2f00b2791c
JSON

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:"Cognition Disorders") View Subject | View Object

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p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:Anxiety) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:Depression) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:"Alzheimer Disease") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:"Parkinson Disease") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:Pain) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") association path(MESH:Epilepsy) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:"Alzheimer Disease") association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:"Cognition Disorders") association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:"Parkinson Disease") association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:Anxiety) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:Depression) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:Epilepsy) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

path(MESH:Pain) association p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

Evidence d513837d51
JSON

Once in the bloodstream, nicotine, rapidly crosses the blood/brain barrier, and accumulates and exerts its pharmacological effects [9, 58] (including psy- chostimulation, reward and the reduction of stress and anxi- ety) in the brain by binding to nAChRs.

complex(a(MESH:Nicotine), p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic"), loc(MESH:Brain)) decreases path(MESH:Anxiety) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

Evidence deb245edde
JSON

Unlike the α9 subunit, the α10 subunit is only functional when it is co-expressed with an α9 subunit. In Xenopus oocytes, the co-injection of α9 and α10 subunits increases functional nAChR expression at least 100 times more than the injection of α9 alone.

complex(p(HGNC:CHRNA10), p(HGNC:CHRNA9)) increases p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 0c29c9c2d7
JSON

Si- lencing α9 nAChR expression in the tumour cells reduces their proliferation and tumorigenic potential in in vitro and in vivo assays [122].

p(HGNC:CHRNA9) increases path(MESH:Neoplasms) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 9bdf6815c0
JSON

α7-containing receptors are expressed in neurons and non-excitable cells in order to mediate pro-proliferative, sur- vival and anti-inflammatory signalling.

p(HGNC:CHRNA7) regulates bp(MESH:"Cell Survival") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

p(HGNC:CHRNA7) regulates path(MESH:Inflammation) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence b9e1301dec
JSON

In addition, various studies have shown the expression of α7 nAChR (as mRNA and protein), in many different cancer cells obtained from human tumours.

p(HGNC:CHRNA7) association path(MESH:Neoplasms) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

path(MESH:Neoplasms) association p(HGNC:CHRNA7) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 8b54c61df5
JSON

it has recently been shown that the intra- cellular loop of the α7 subunit contains a G protein binding cluster that promotes intracellular signalling

p(HGNC:CHRNA7) increases bp(GO:"intracellular receptor signaling pathway") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence d470eb5776
JSON

Human genetic studies have shown that the non- synonymous coding SNP D398N is associated with lung cancer and nicotine dependence

path(MESH:"Tobacco Use Disorder") association g(DNSNP:rs1051730) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

g(DNSNP:rs1051730) association path(MESH:"Lung Neoplasms") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

g(DNSNP:rs1051730) association path(MESH:"Tobacco Use Disorder") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

path(MESH:"Lung Neoplasms") association g(DNSNP:rs1051730) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 54f70eff89
JSON

Non-neuronal cholinergic signalling uses the same nAChRs as neuronal cholinergic signalling and the nAChRs in both neuronal and non-neuronal networks are modulated by members of the ly-6 family of small proteins related to snake α-neurotoxins such as the α7 nAChR antagonist αBgtx

p(HBP:"LY6 family") regulates p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic") View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence cd04e887a6
JSON

Functional studies have shown that α7dup, expressed in oo- cytes, acts as a dominant negative regulator of α7 nAChR activity by means of a mechanism involving a reduction in the number of functional α7 nAChRs incorporated into the oocyte surface

p(HGNC:CHRFAM7A, loc(MESH:Oocytes)) decreases act(p(HGNC:CHRNA7, loc(MESH:Oocytes))) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:

Evidence bf3a3fdf11
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These proteins include Lynx1, a glycophosphati- dylinositol- anchored membrane protein that can form a sta- ble complex, negatively regulates the responses of α4β2 and α7 nAChRs in heterologous systems and enhances the rate and extent of desensitisation of α4β2 nAChRs, thus acting as a molecular brake on nAChR function

p(HGNC:LYNX1) decreases act(complex(p(HGNC:CHRNA4), p(HGNC:CHRNB2))) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

p(HGNC:LYNX1) decreases act(p(HGNC:CHRNA7)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 39c57ea247
JSON

Finally, a study has shown that α2 Ko mice have enhanced nicotine self-administration behaviour [88]. These findings suggest that α5* nAChRs in the MHb, and α2* nAChRs in the IPN may underlie aversive responses to nicotine.

p(MGI:Chrna2) increases a(MESH:Nicotine) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

p(MGI:Chrna5) increases a(MESH:Nicotine) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence a7516fedd3
JSON

α5 subunit Ko mice or mice with selective knock down of the α5 subunits in the Hb develop increased nicotine intake in a self-administration paradigm that is blocked by the selective re-expression of the α5 subunit within the MHb; thus indicating that the α5-containing nAChRs located in this brain area also play an important role in regulating the negative effects of nicotine.

p(MGI:Chrna5) regulates act(a(MESH:Nicotine)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 6dcbe80241
JSON

On the contrary the overexpression of β4* nAChRs in mice decreases nico- tine reinforcing properties and consumption

p(MGI:Chrnb4) decreases act(a(MESH:Nicotine)) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
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MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

Evidence 82f52297c3
JSON

Lee et al. [122] have found that α9 nAChRs are ubiquitously expressed in many epithe- lial, lung and breast cancer cell lines, most of which also express α5 and α10 nAChR subunits. α9 nAChRs are also present in primary tumour and non-malignant breast tissue obtained from patients, but their expression is higher in breast cancer cells than the surrounding normal tissue.

path(MESH:"Breast Neoplasms") increases p(HGNC:CHRNA9) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

path(MESH:"Breast Neoplasms") increases p(HGNC:CHRNA5) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

path(MESH:"Breast Neoplasms") increases p(HGNC:CHRNA10) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

path(MESH:"Lung Neoplasms") increases p(HGNC:CHRNA9) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

path(MESH:"Lung Neoplasms") increases p(HGNC:CHRNA5) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

path(MESH:"Lung Neoplasms") increases p(HGNC:CHRNA10) View Subject | View Object

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
MeSH
GABAergic Neurons

About

BEL Commons is developed and maintained in an academic capacity by Charles Tapley Hoyt and Daniel Domingo-Fernández at the Fraunhofer SCAI Department of Bioinformatics with support from the IMI project, AETIONOMY. It is built on top of PyBEL, an open source project. Please feel free to contact us here to give us feedback or report any issues. Also, see our Publishing Notes and Data Protection information.

If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.