p(MESH:"Receptors, Nicotinic")

Entity

Name

Receptors, Nicotinic

Namespace

mesh

Namespace Version

20180906

Namespace URL

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pharmacome/terminology/b46b65c3da259b6e86026514dfececab7c22a11b/external/mesh-names.belns

One group of modulators includes Ca2+􏰆, which potentiates most neuronal nAChRs (99, 100) and binds to the extracellular domain below the ACh site at residues contributed from both sides of the subunit interface (96). Another includes Zn2 􏰆 . PubMed:23038257

One group of modulators includes Ca2+􏰆, which potentiates most neuronal nAChRs (99, 100) and binds to the extracellular domain below the ACh site at residues contributed from both sides of the subunit interface (96). Another includes Zn2 􏰆 . PubMed:23038257

General anesthetics (both intravenous and volatile) negatively modulate excitatory nAChRs but posi- tively enhance inhibitory GABA receptors. PubMed:23038257

A second important group consists of modulators, such as galantamine, that bind at “non-agonist” interfaces, which, in heteropentameric nAChRs, differ from the neurotransmitter- binding site and appear to be homologs of the benzodiazepine site on GABAA receptors PubMed:23038257

The up- regulation of nAChRs has also been obtained using nicotinic agonists (cytisine, carbamylcholine and varenicline) [66, 67], antagonists (dihydro-β-erythroidine, mecamylamine) [68-70] and a partial agonist (CC4) PubMed:28901280

Dopamine (DA) neurons, which project to the NAc receive both excitatory glutamater- gic and cholinergic afferents that mediate nicotine reward, and inhibitory GABAergic afferents, that mediate aversion [77]. The release of these neurotransmitters is modulated by the nAChRs expressed in cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals PubMed:28901280

Dopamine (DA) neurons, which project to the NAc receive both excitatory glutamater- gic and cholinergic afferents that mediate nicotine reward, and inhibitory GABAergic afferents, that mediate aversion [77]. The release of these neurotransmitters is modulated by the nAChRs expressed in cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals PubMed:28901280

The up- regulation of nAChRs has also been obtained using nicotinic agonists (cytisine, carbamylcholine and varenicline) [66, 67], antagonists (dihydro-β-erythroidine, mecamylamine) [68-70] and a partial agonist (CC4) PubMed:28901280

The up- regulation of nAChRs has also been obtained using nicotinic agonists (cytisine, carbamylcholine and varenicline) [66, 67], antagonists (dihydro-β-erythroidine, mecamylamine) [68-70] and a partial agonist (CC4) PubMed:28901280

The up- regulation of nAChRs has also been obtained using nicotinic agonists (cytisine, carbamylcholine and varenicline) [66, 67], antagonists (dihydro-β-erythroidine, mecamylamine) [68-70] and a partial agonist (CC4) PubMed:28901280

nAChRs are particularly important in two critical periods of brain life: early pre- and post-natal circuit formation, and age-related cell degeneration. They are involved in neuronal survival, as it has been shown that nicotinic agonists are neu- roprotective in in vivo and in vitro models PubMed:28901280

Chronic nicotine exposure induces neural adaptations that change cell physi- ology and behaviour mainly as a result of activation and/or desensitisation of nAChRs. Studies of the brains of animals and smokers chronically exposed to nicotine have shown an increase in the number of nAChRs (up-regulation). PubMed:28901280

The up- regulation of nAChRs has also been obtained using nicotinic agonists (cytisine, carbamylcholine and varenicline) [66, 67], antagonists (dihydro-β-erythroidine, mecamylamine) [68-70] and a partial agonist (CC4) PubMed:28901280

nAChRs are expressed also at the somatodendritic postsynaptic site, where they regulate neuron depolarisation, firing and long- term potentiation [9]. Moreover these receptors are also in- volved in proliferation, differentiation and migration of neu- ral progenitors PubMed:28901280

nAChRs are expressed also at the somatodendritic postsynaptic site, where they regulate neuron depolarisation, firing and long- term potentiation [9]. Moreover these receptors are also in- volved in proliferation, differentiation and migration of neu- ral progenitors PubMed:28901280

nAChRs are expressed also at the somatodendritic postsynaptic site, where they regulate neuron depolarisation, firing and long- term potentiation [9]. Moreover these receptors are also in- volved in proliferation, differentiation and migration of neu- ral progenitors PubMed:28901280

The Hb-IPN system expresses the highest levels and va- riety of nAChR subunits and subtypes in mammalian brain [85], and is the only central system expressing high levels of α3, β4 and α5 subunits. PubMed:28901280

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke PubMed:28901280

Unlike the α9 subunit, the α10 subunit is only functional when it is co-expressed with an α9 subunit. In Xenopus oocytes, the co-injection of α9 and α10 subunits increases functional nAChR expression at least 100 times more than the injection of α9 alone. PubMed:28901280

Non-neuronal cholinergic signalling uses the same nAChRs as neuronal cholinergic signalling and the nAChRs in both neuronal and non-neuronal networks are modulated by members of the ly-6 family of small proteins related to snake α-neurotoxins such as the α7 nAChR antagonist αBgtx PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke PubMed:28901280

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke PubMed:28901280

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke PubMed:28901280

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke PubMed:28901280

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke PubMed:28901280

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke PubMed:28901280

In the brain, nAChRs are widely expressed, both presyn- aptically and postsynaptically, and are involved in several functions including learning and memory, arousal, reward, motor control, and analgesia. nAChRs are also the target of nicotine, the main addictive agent delivered by cigarette smoke PubMed:28901280

nAChRs are expressed also at the somatodendritic postsynaptic site, where they regulate neuron depolarisation, firing and long- term potentiation [9]. Moreover these receptors are also in- volved in proliferation, differentiation and migration of neu- ral progenitors PubMed:28901280

nAChRs are expressed also at the somatodendritic postsynaptic site, where they regulate neuron depolarisation, firing and long- term potentiation [9]. Moreover these receptors are also in- volved in proliferation, differentiation and migration of neu- ral progenitors PubMed:28901280

nAChRs are expressed also at the somatodendritic postsynaptic site, where they regulate neuron depolarisation, firing and long- term potentiation [9]. Moreover these receptors are also in- volved in proliferation, differentiation and migration of neu- ral progenitors PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs contribute to cognitive function, and changes in their number and/or func- tion are associated with various pathological conditions such as cognitive disorders, anxiety, depression, Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease, pain and epilepsy PubMed:28901280

nAChRs are particularly important in two critical periods of brain life: early pre- and post-natal circuit formation, and age-related cell degeneration. They are involved in neuronal survival, as it has been shown that nicotinic agonists are neu- roprotective in in vivo and in vitro models PubMed:28901280

Dopamine (DA) neurons, which project to the NAc receive both excitatory glutamater- gic and cholinergic afferents that mediate nicotine reward, and inhibitory GABAergic afferents, that mediate aversion [77]. The release of these neurotransmitters is modulated by the nAChRs expressed in cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals PubMed:28901280

Dopamine (DA) neurons, which project to the NAc receive both excitatory glutamater- gic and cholinergic afferents that mediate nicotine reward, and inhibitory GABAergic afferents, that mediate aversion [77]. The release of these neurotransmitters is modulated by the nAChRs expressed in cholinergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic terminals PubMed:28901280