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a(CHEBI:macromolecule)

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Entity

Name
macromolecule
Namespace
chebi
Namespace Version
20180906
Namespace URL
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pharmacome/terminology/b46b65c3da259b6e86026514dfececab7c22a11b/external/chebi-names.belns

Appears in Networks 1

Functional aspects of meningeal lymphatics in ageing and Alzheimer’s disease v1.0.0

In-Edges 12

a(MESH:"Lymphatic Vessels") increases tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(MESH:"Cerebrospinal Fluid"), toLoc(MESH:"Lymph Nodes")) View Subject | View Object

Here we show that meningeal lymphatic vessels have an essential role in maintaining brain homeostasis by draining macromolecules from the CNS (both CSF and ISF) into the cervical lymph nodes PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Meninges
MeSH
Neck

act(a(MESH:"Lymphatic Vessels")) association tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(GO:"extracellular space"), toLoc(MESH:"Intracellular Space")) View Subject | View Object

Together, three different models of impaired meningeal lymphatic function (pharmacological, surgical and genetic) showed a significant impact on brain perfusion by CSF macromolecules PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
Low
MeSH
Brain
MeSH
Cerebrospinal Fluid

act(a(MESH:"Lymphatic Vessels")) increases tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(MESH:"Parenchymal Tissue"), toLoc(MESH:"Lymph Nodes")) View Subject | View Object

These findings, as has been suggested previously, demonstrate that the efflux of parenchymal and/or ISF macromolecules and the drainage of these macromolecules into dCLNs are impaired as a consequence of meningeal lymphatic ablation, thus functionally connecting meningeal lymphatics with CSF influx and ISF efflux mechanisms PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Meninges
MeSH
Neck

act(a(MESH:"Lymphatic Vessels")) increases tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(HP:"interstitial fluid"), toLoc(MESH:"Lymph Nodes")) View Subject | View Object

These findings, as has been suggested previously, demonstrate that the efflux of parenchymal and/or ISF macromolecules and the drainage of these macromolecules into dCLNs are impaired as a consequence of meningeal lymphatic ablation, thus functionally connecting meningeal lymphatics with CSF influx and ISF efflux mechanisms PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Meninges
MeSH
Neck

act(a(MESH:"Lymphatic Vessels")) increases tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(MESH:"Cerebrospinal Fluid"), toLoc(MESH:"Parenchymal Tissue")) View Subject | View Object

Notably, the rate of tracer influx into the brain parenchyma was significantly increased as a result of enhanced meningeal lymphatic function (Fig. 2k, l and Extended Data Fig. 6q, r) PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Meninges

bp(GO:aging) decreases tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(GO:"extracellular space"), toLoc(MESH:"Intracellular Space")) View Subject | View Object

Indeed, and in agreement with a previous study, old mice demonstrate reduced brain perfusion by CSF macromolecules compared to young counterparts (Extended Data Fig. 6a, b) PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Cerebrospinal Fluid

bp(MESH:"Cerebrovascular Circulation") increases tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(GO:"extracellular space"), toLoc(MESH:"Intracellular Space")) View Subject | View Object

Impaired brain perfusion by CSF in old mice was accompanied by a decrease in meningeal lymphatic vessel diameter and coverage, as well as decreased drainage of CSF macromolecules into dCLNs in both females and males (Extended Data Fig. 6c–f) PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Cerebrospinal Fluid

p(MGI:Vegfc) increases tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(MESH:"Cerebrospinal Fluid"), toLoc(MESH:"Lymph Nodes")) View Subject | View Object

Accordingly, the drainage of CSF macromolecules into dCLNs was significantly higher in sham-operated mice treated with mVEGF-C compared to all other groups (Fig. 2s, t) PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Neck

p(MGI:Vegfc) causesNoChange tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(MESH:"Cerebrospinal Fluid"), toLoc(MESH:"Lymph Nodes")) View Subject | View Object

Independently of the model, the level of CSF tracer drained into the dCLNs was comparable between transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease and age-matched wild-type littermates (Extended Data Fig. 8p–s) PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Cerebrospinal Fluid
MeSH
Hippocampus
MeSH
Alzheimer Disease

p(MGI:Aqp4) regulates tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(GO:"extracellular space"), toLoc(MESH:"Intracellular Space")) View Subject | View Object

Within the brain parenchyma, it was shown that aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression by astrocytes plays an important role in the modulation of paravascular CSF macromolecule influx and efflux (through the glymphatic route) PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Brain
MeSH
Cerebrospinal Fluid
MeSH
Parenchymal Tissue

p(MGI:Aqp4) regulates tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(MESH:"Intracellular Space"), toLoc(GO:"extracellular space")) View Subject | View Object

Within the brain parenchyma, it was shown that aquaporin 4 (AQP4) expression by astrocytes plays an important role in the modulation of paravascular CSF macromolecule influx and efflux (through the glymphatic route) PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Brain
MeSH
Cerebrospinal Fluid
MeSH
Parenchymal Tissue

p(MGI:Vegfc, var("p.Cys156Ser")) increases tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(MESH:"Cerebrospinal Fluid"), toLoc(MESH:Brain)) View Subject | View Object

Treatment with VEGF-C156S resulted in a significant increase in meningeal lymphatic diameter (Extended Data Fig. 7i, j), drainage of tracer from the CSF (Extended Data Fig. 7k, l), and paravascular influx of tracer into the brains of old mice (Extended Data Fig. 7m, n) PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
High
MeSH
Meninges

Out-Edges 1

tloc(a(CHEBI:macromolecule), fromLoc(GO:"extracellular space"), toLoc(MESH:"Intracellular Space")) association act(a(MESH:"Lymphatic Vessels")) View Subject | View Object

Together, three different models of impaired meningeal lymphatic function (pharmacological, surgical and genetic) showed a significant impact on brain perfusion by CSF macromolecules PubMed:30046111

Appears in Networks:
Annotations
Confidence
Low
MeSH
Brain
MeSH
Cerebrospinal Fluid

About

BEL Commons is developed and maintained in an academic capacity by Charles Tapley Hoyt and Daniel Domingo-Fernández at the Fraunhofer SCAI Department of Bioinformatics with support from the IMI project, AETIONOMY. It is built on top of PyBEL, an open source project. Please feel free to contact us here to give us feedback or report any issues. Also, see our Publishing Notes and Data Protection information.

If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.