p(MGI:Vegfc)
Collectively, these data point to no apparent meningeal lymphatic dysfunction in transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease at younger ages, which might explain the inefficacy of mVEGF-C treatment PubMed:30046111
We have previously shown that treatment with recombinant VEGF-C increases the diameter of meningeal lymphatic vessels PubMed:30046111
Furthermore, delivery of VEGF-C by adenoviral gene therapy was previously found to efficiently boost peripheral lymphatic sprouting and function PubMed:30046111
Treatment of young mice with AAV1-CM-mVEGF-C resulted in a significant increase in meningeal lymphatic vessel diameter, without affecting blood vessel coverage (Extended Data Fig. 6k–m) PubMed:30046111
Treatment of old mice (at 20–24 months) with AAV1-CMV-mVEGF-C also resulted in increased lymphatic vessel diameter (compared to AAV1-CMV-eGFP) without detectable off-target effects on the meningeal blood vasculature coverage and on meningeal and/or brain vascular haemodynamics (Fig. 2e–h and Extended Data Fig. 6n–p) PubMed:30046111
This VEGF-C treatment led to a significant increase in the function of meningeal lymphatic vessels in old mice, whereas young–adult mice did not respond to the treatment (Extended Data Fig. 7d, e), probably due to the ceiling effect of their existing capacity to drain OVA-A647 PubMed:30046111
Moreover, viral expression of mVEGF-C did not significantly affect the diameter of meningeal lymphatic vessels, the level of amyloid-β in the CSF, or amyloid-β deposition in the hippocampus (Extended Data Fig. 8g–n) PubMed:30046111
However, AAV1-CMV-mVEGF-C treatment resulted in significant improvement in the latency to platform and in the percentage of allocentric navigation strategies, in the MWM reversal at 12–14 months (Extended Data Fig. 7q, t) and in the MWM acquisition and reversal at 20–22 months (Extended Data Fig. 7r, u), compared to AAV1-CMV-eGFP-treated age-matched mice PubMed:30046111
Increased expression of VEGF-C in the adult brain has previously been shown to boost proliferation of neural stem cells in the hippocampus PubMed:30046111
The beneficial effect of mVEGF-C treatment in mice from the sham group, which performed significantly better in the NLR (Fig. 2n, o) and MWM (Fig. 2p–r) tests, was abrogated in mice in which the CSF-draining lymphatic vessels had been ligated PubMed:30046111
Accordingly, the drainage of CSF macromolecules into dCLNs was significantly higher in sham-operated mice treated with mVEGF-C compared to all other groups (Fig. 2s, t) PubMed:30046111
Independently of the model, the level of CSF tracer drained into the dCLNs was comparable between transgenic mice with Alzheimer’s disease and age-matched wild-type littermates (Extended Data Fig. 8p–s) PubMed:30046111
Moreover, viral expression of mVEGF-C did not significantly affect the diameter of meningeal lymphatic vessels, the level of amyloid-β in the CSF, or amyloid-β deposition in the hippocampus (Extended Data Fig. 8g–n) PubMed:30046111
Similarly, the morphology and coverage of meningeal lymphatic vessels did not differ between wild-type and 5xFAD mice at 3–4 months of age (Extended Data Fig. 8t, u) PubMed:30046111
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If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.