path(MESH:Sepsis)
Hemodynamics will be impaired, which on the one hand can lead to the production of oxygen radicals and thus directly to tissue damage. PubMed:29956069
One crucial factor in pathogenesis of systemic inflammation/sepsis is an impaired microcirculation [99]. PubMed:29956069
In 2007, Kempe10 et al. reported that erythrocytes showed an apoptotic tendency in septic patients. PubMed:29544683
Thus, hemolysis can act as a kind of amplifier of the complex response to an infection or injury [8, 15] and worsen the outcome from animals and patients with systemic inflammation, sepsis, or trauma [1–4, 10]. PubMed:29956069
Both clinical [1–4] and experimental [5–8] studies have shown that sepsis and systemic inflammation lead to a massive release of hemoglobin from red blood cells (hemolysis) being accompanied with an increased risk of death [1–4, 8, 9]. PubMed:29956069
Crucial for a sepsis, thus, was the presence of at least two of four criteria of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes (1) fever (≥ 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (≤ 36.0 °C), (2) tachycardia (heart rate ≥ 90/min), (3) tachypnea (frequency ≥ 20/min) or hyperventilation, and (4) leukocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (white blood cells ≤ 4000/mm3). PubMed:29956069
Crucial for a sepsis, thus, was the presence of at least two of four criteria of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes (1) fever (≥ 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (≤ 36.0 °C), (2) tachycardia (heart rate ≥ 90/min), (3) tachypnea (frequency ≥ 20/min) or hyperventilation, and (4) leukocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (white blood cells ≤ 4000/mm3). PubMed:29956069
Crucial for a sepsis, thus, was the presence of at least two of four criteria of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes (1) fever (≥ 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (≤ 36.0 °C), (2) tachycardia (heart rate ≥ 90/min), (3) tachypnea (frequency ≥ 20/min) or hyperventilation, and (4) leukocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (white blood cells ≤ 4000/mm3). PubMed:29956069
Crucial for a sepsis, thus, was the presence of at least two of four criteria of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes (1) fever (≥ 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (≤ 36.0 °C), (2) tachycardia (heart rate ≥ 90/min), (3) tachypnea (frequency ≥ 20/min) or hyperventilation, and (4) leukocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (white blood cells ≤ 4000/mm3). PubMed:29956069
Crucial for a sepsis, thus, was the presence of at least two of four criteria of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes (1) fever (≥ 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (≤ 36.0 °C), (2) tachycardia (heart rate ≥ 90/min), (3) tachypnea (frequency ≥ 20/min) or hyperventilation, and (4) leukocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (white blood cells ≤ 4000/mm3). PubMed:29956069
For example, upregulation of the pathway is observed during massive degradation of skeletal muscle proteins that occurs under normal fasting but also under pathological conditions such as cancer-induced cachexia, severe sepsis, metabolic acidosis, or following denervation PubMed:14556719
In 2007, Kempe10 et al. reported that erythrocytes showed an apoptotic tendency in septic patients. PubMed:29544683
Both clinical [1–4] and experimental [5–8] studies have shown that sepsis and systemic inflammation lead to a massive release of hemoglobin from red blood cells (hemolysis) being accompanied with an increased risk of death [1–4, 8, 9]. PubMed:29956069
Thus, hemolysis can act as a kind of amplifier of the complex response to an infection or injury [8, 15] and worsen the outcome from animals and patients with systemic inflammation, sepsis, or trauma [1–4, 10]. PubMed:29956069
Crucial for a sepsis, thus, was the presence of at least two of four criteria of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes (1) fever (≥ 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (≤ 36.0 °C), (2) tachycardia (heart rate ≥ 90/min), (3) tachypnea (frequency ≥ 20/min) or hyperventilation, and (4) leukocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (white blood cells ≤ 4000/mm3). PubMed:29956069
Crucial for a sepsis, thus, was the presence of at least two of four criteria of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes (1) fever (≥ 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (≤ 36.0 °C), (2) tachycardia (heart rate ≥ 90/min), (3) tachypnea (frequency ≥ 20/min) or hyperventilation, and (4) leukocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (white blood cells ≤ 4000/mm3). PubMed:29956069
Crucial for a sepsis, thus, was the presence of at least two of four criteria of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes (1) fever (≥ 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (≤ 36.0 °C), (2) tachycardia (heart rate ≥ 90/min), (3) tachypnea (frequency ≥ 20/min) or hyperventilation, and (4) leukocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (white blood cells ≤ 4000/mm3). PubMed:29956069
Crucial for a sepsis, thus, was the presence of at least two of four criteria of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes (1) fever (≥ 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (≤ 36.0 °C), (2) tachycardia (heart rate ≥ 90/min), (3) tachypnea (frequency ≥ 20/min) or hyperventilation, and (4) leukocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (white blood cells ≤ 4000/mm3). PubMed:29956069
Crucial for a sepsis, thus, was the presence of at least two of four criteria of a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), which includes (1) fever (≥ 38.0 °C) or hypothermia (≤ 36.0 °C), (2) tachycardia (heart rate ≥ 90/min), (3) tachypnea (frequency ≥ 20/min) or hyperventilation, and (4) leukocytosis (white blood cells ≥ 12,000/mm3) or leukopenia (white blood cells ≤ 4000/mm3). PubMed:29956069
Hemodynamics will be impaired, which on the one hand can lead to the production of oxygen radicals and thus directly to tissue damage. PubMed:29956069
Furthermore, fibrinolysis (dissolution of a blood clot) is also regularly inhibited in the early stages of sepsis [86]. PubMed:29956069
One crucial factor in pathogenesis of systemic inflammation/sepsis is an impaired microcirculation [99]. PubMed:29956069
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If you find BEL Commons useful in your work, please consider citing: Hoyt, C. T., Domingo-Fernández, D., & Hofmann-Apitius, M. (2018). BEL Commons: an environment for exploration and analysis of networks encoded in Biological Expression Language. Database, 2018(3), 1–11.