a(CHEBI:atropine)

Entity

Name

atropine

Namespace

chebi

Namespace Version

20180906

Namespace URL

https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pharmacome/terminology/b46b65c3da259b6e86026514dfececab7c22a11b/external/chebi-names.belns

This file encodes the article Mammalian Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: From Structure to Function by Albuquerque et al, 2009

The metabotropic receptors are second messenger, G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane proteins. They are classically defined as being activated by muscarine, a toxin from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, and inhibited by atropine, a toxin from Atropa belladonna, a member of the nightshade family. Both toxins cross the blood-brain barrier poorly and were discovered primarily from their influences on postganglionic parasympathetic nervous system functions. Activation of muscarinic AChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1- M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. PubMed:19126755

The metabotropic receptors are second messenger, G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane proteins. They are classically defined as being activated by muscarine, a toxin from the mushroom Amanita muscaria, and inhibited by atropine, a toxin from Atropa belladonna, a member of the nightshade family. Both toxins cross the blood-brain barrier poorly and were discovered primarily from their influences on postganglionic parasympathetic nervous system functions. Activation of muscarinic AChRs is relatively slow (milliseconds to seconds) and, depending on the subtypes present (M1- M5), they directly alter cellular homeostasis of phospholipase C, inositol trisphosphate, cAMP, and free calcium. PubMed:19126755

Furthermore, pharmacological dissection of nicotine’s influence on cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and differentiation (43) indicate that alpha7 nAChRs expressed in keratynocytes are important. Other receptors are clearly involved in this process, since atropine, a muscarinic and sometimes nAChR inhibitor (531, 532), reduces cell adhesion through decreasing desmoligein expression. PubMed:19126755

Furthermore, pharmacological dissection of nicotine’s influence on cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and differentiation (43) indicate that alpha7 nAChRs expressed in keratynocytes are important. Other receptors are clearly involved in this process, since atropine, a muscarinic and sometimes nAChR inhibitor (531, 532), reduces cell adhesion through decreasing desmoligein expression. PubMed:19126755

The two best known muscarinic receptor antagonists are atropine and quinuclidinyl benzilate, which block all muscarinic receptors PubMed:26813123