bp(MESH:"Macrophage Activation")
Free heme upregulates heme oxygenase activity, generates reactive oxygen species, and activates endothelial cells and macrophages directly[65]. PubMed:28458720
In mice, this response was attenuated after administration of the TLR-4 inhibitor, TAK-242, suggesting hemin potentiates pulmonary macrophage activation and inflammation through hemin-induced TLR-4 receptor binding [27]. PubMed:30281034
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