path(MESH:"Behavior, Addictive")
Nicotine is perhaps the most addictive drug that is widely used; 95% or more of its users with a strong desire to stop using it relapse within 1 yr (47, 203). Chronic nicotine use and the phenotypes of addiction are closely associated in humans and other animals with concurrent physiological changes in nAChR function and expression PubMed:19126755
Decline, disruption, or alterations of nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms have been implicated in various dysfunctions, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and addiction (17–23). PubMed:17009926
Although many areas of the brain participate, nicotinic receptors of the midbrain dopa- mine (DA) area are particularly important during the initiation of the addic- tion process (Dani et al., 2014; De Biasi & Dani, 2011). PubMed:26472524
Decline, disruption, or alterations of nicotinic cholinergic mechanisms have been implicated in various dysfunctions, such as schizophrenia, epilepsy, autism, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and addiction (17–23). PubMed:17009926
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