Evidences p(HGNC:AMBP) to a(CHEBI:heme)

The expression of A1M is up-regulated by elevated levels of free Hb, heme and ROS [23].

Furthermore, the plasmaand extravascular reductase and heme- and radical scavenger α1-microglobulin (A1M) binds and degrades free heme and can reduce metHb [28–30].

Excess extracellular heme is weakly bound to albumin [22], /1-microglobulin (which can also degrade heme) [23] and, most likely, to other plasma proteins and lipoproteins; there is a dynamic nature to such interactions.

Expression and synthesis of A1M has been shown to be upregulated in cells after exposure to heme and ROS (Olsson et al., 2007, 2011).

This is consistent with our findings here that both heme and Hb were associated with increased levels of synovial fluid A1M.

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